Armenia - NHDR 1999

	HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT ARMENIA 1999 FIVE YEARS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN ARMENIA
armenian
Start	Chapters	Bibliography	Annexes

Forward by Robert Kocharyan, President of the RA

Preface by Katica Cekalovich, UN Res. Coordinator, UNDP ResRep

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Executive Summary

Basic facts about the RA

Introduction

Chapter 1
Trasition period: Short or long term prospects for Armenia?

Chapter 2
The social cost of reforms

Chapter 3
Social cohension and cooperation

Chapter 4
The state - an impetus to development

Chapter 5
Prospects for sustainable human development

1.1 Transition period: Initial Conditions

1.2 Political Results of the Transition Period

1.3 Economic Results of the Transition Period

1.4 Conclusions and Recommendations

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1.1 Consequences fo Economic Policy Pursued in the Transition Period

1.2 Chronology of the Main Econimic Reforms of the Transition Period

1.3 Duration of the Transition Period

1.4 The Banking and Taxation Systems in Armenia

Figures
1.1 The state in the transition period

1.2 GDP dynamics in RA (GDP of the year of 1989 is assumed as equal to 100%)

1.3 The Real GDP level in 1977 - 1999 against 1989 (in percents)

1.4 The RA Foreign Trade Dynamics (as percentage of GDP)

Tables
1.1 The RA Foreign Debt Dynamics (as of the end of the year)

2.1 Social Consequences of the Transition Period

2.2 Reforms in the Social Sphere

2.3 Description of Poverty and Impoverishment

2.4 Possible ways of relieving the social cost of transition. Conclusions and Recommendations

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2.1 The Unemployment Rate in Marzes

2.2 Housing Problems in the Earthquake Zone and Their Possible Solutions

Figures
2.1 Dynamics of the Average Annual Rate of Registered Unemployement (as % of EAP)

2.2 Classification of Poverty

Tables
2.1 The Ratio of Food Expenditures in MSB

2.2 Classification of Families according to Average per Capita Income

3.1 From Social Cohension to Discord

3.2 Integration of Socially Vulnerable Groups

3.3 Interaction of the State, Civil Society and Private Sector

3.4 From Totalitarianism to Social Partnership

3.5 Conclusions and Recommendations

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3.1 Value Bases of Social Cohension and Cooperation

3.2 Trade Unions

3.3 The National Gender Program of Armenia

3.4 Diaspora-Armenia Relations in Terms of Social Cooperation

3.5 The Armenian Apostolic Church as a Promoter of Social Cooperation

Figures
3.1 Functioning of Civil Society in Armenia

3.2 Cooperation in the Private Sector

3.3 Steps Aimed at Achieving Social Cooperation

Tables
3.1 The State as an Equal Partner

4.1 Establishment and Observance of Legitimacy

4.2 State-Limiting Activities

4.3 Sate Activities

4.4 Integration of Armenia into International Organizations and Regional Programs

4.5 Globalization and its Effects in Armenia

4.6 Ecological Problems: Current Situation and Solutions

4.7 Dynamics and Efficiency of the State's Institutional, Administrative, Technical and Political Capabilities

4.8 Conclusions and Recommendations

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4.1 Armenia within the Silk Route Program

Tables
4.1 Loan Spending Efficiency

4.2 Summary of National Assembly Proportional Vote Results

4.3 NA Members Elected by Proportional Vote (by parisanship)

4.4 NA Members Elected by Proportional Vote (by profession)

4.5 Number of Schoolteachers in Armenia by Educational Level

5.1 Comprehensive Investment and Economic Development Strategy, Investments in Human Capital

5.2 The Analysis of the RA Environmental and Economic Development Options in View of Sustainable Human Development

5.3 Sustainabale Human Development or Sustainable Human Conditions (alternative view)

5.4 The Transition Period and Possible Prospects for Sustainable Human Development: Conclusions and Recommendations

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5.1 Expenditure for Human Capital

5.2 Armenia on the SHD track

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5.1 Functioning of Civil Society in Armenia

5.2 Cooperation in the Private Sector

5.3 Steps Aimed at Achieving Social Cooperation

Annex 1
Statistical Tables

Annex 2
The Human Development Index

Annex 3
Evolution in Approaches to Development

17. Military Expenditures and resource use imbalance

18. Resource Inflow

19. Growing Urbanization

20. Population Trends

21. Profile of Environmental Degradation

22. Energy Use

23. National Income Accounts

24. Trends in Economic Performance

25. Health Profile

26. Profile of People in Work

27. Education

28. Unemployment

29. Social Stress and Social Change

30. Financial Resource Inflows and Outflows

31. Growing Urbanization

32. Managing the Environment

1. Human Development Index

3. Gender Empowerment Measure

4. Trends in Human Development and per Capita Income

5. Trends in Human Development and Economic Growth

6. Trends in Human Development

7. Trends in Human Development

8. Women's Access to Education

9. Women's Participation in Economic and Political Life

10. Health Profile

11. Child Survival and Development

12. Food Security

13. Education Imbalances

14. Profile of People in Work

15. Access to Information and Communication

16. Investments in Social Sphere

ABBREVIATIONS

ALR Adult Literacy Rate

AMD Armenian Dram (national currency)

ANM Armenian National Movement

ARF Armenian Revolutionary Federation

CIS Commonwealth of Independent States

EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EC European Council

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GDR Global Development Report

HDI Human Development Index

HDR Human Development Report

IMF International Monetary Fund

IOM International Organization of Migration

LEI Life Expectancy Index

MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs

MS Ministry of Statistics, State Register and Analysis

MSB Minimal Subsistence Basket

NA National Assembly

NGO Non-governmental Organization

NHDR National Human Development Report

OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe

PPP Purchasing Power Parity

RA Republic of Armenia

SHD Sustainable Human Development

TRACECA Transport Corridor Europe, Caucasus, Asia

UN United Nations

UNDP United Nations Development Program

UNDPI United Nations Department of Information

UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund

UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

USA United States of America

USD United States Dollar

USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

WB World Bank

WHO World Health Organization

WTO World Trade Organization

YSU Yerevan State University

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

ITC International Trade Center

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization

UNDCP United Nations Drug Control Program

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency